Distribution and Biology of the Invasive Weed Parthenium hysterophorus L. in Israel

Parthenium weed ( hysterophorus L.) (Asteraceae; Heliantheae) is an invasive allergenic species that has invaded many countries worldwide, probably through imported pasture, grain seeds, and livestock feed. In recent years, there been increasing concern about the spread of P. in agricultural non-agricultural habitats across Israel. addition, as a quarantine plant; any contaminated produce exported will be rejected by European market. The current study aims to document distribution invasiveness status Moreover, we aimed life cycle biology . this research, detected invasion reports new areas Jezreel valley, Jordan Mediterranean coastal plain. Studying weed, found optimal temperatures for seed germination are between 15 25°C. We observed seeds able emerge from depth 0–3 cm only. thrives under high light intensities. Our results show induced shading 60 90%, significant reduction biomass, height, number flowers per plant were observed. phenology crucial step path develop integrated management program reduce further negative impacts